This NNI workshop booklet introduces a new format. Featuring 13 concise summaries with graphical abstracts, it provides insights into key areas of microbiome research, including early life gut microbiome patterns and the impact of parental microbiome programming. This informative booklet explores the trajectory of microbiome maturation, nutritional modulators, and their connection to health outcomes, with a focus on the major positive role of breastmilk. The booklet also highlights the future of microbiome research, examining environmental intersections, the gut virome, and the role of

This publication includes three articles that explore the latest nutritional strategies designed to support the growth of preterm infants, minimise comorbidities like bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity, and enhance neurodevelopmental outcomes. The articles included are Nutrition strategies to prevent short-term adverse outcomes in preterm neonates, Preterm nutrition and brain development, and Nutrition for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: can individualised nutrition be the answer?

Evolution of the early gut microbiota; How first foods shape microbiota; HMOs supplementation; and Pre- and probiotics to support infant gut microbiome and immune maturation